Water and Sewerage Management

Wastewater and Sewerage Management

• Introduction

• Generation and Decomposition

• Wastewater and Sewerage Collection and Maintenance

• Wastewater Treatment

  • Selection of Appropriate Wastewater Treatment System

  • Sludge Treatment

• Wastewater Reuse

  • Selecting Appropriate Reuse Applications

Wastewater and Sewerage Treatment

• Types of pollutants found in wastewater

• Preventing discharging and regulatory prohibitions.

• wastewater collection, conveyance, and treatment systems.

• Schematic plan layouts of typical wastewater treatment plants

• Major wastewater treatment processes.

• Discharge, reclamation, and reuse and solids handling, disposal, and reuse.

Preliminary Treatment

• Flow meters, racks, screens, shredders, grit channels, grit separators, preparation, and emergency storage facilities.

• Properly and safely start up, operate, shut down, and maintain preliminary treatment processes.

• Prepare wastewater treatment processes and emergency storage facilities.

• Read, calibrate, and maintain flow measuring devices in pipelines, open channels, or flumes.

• Develop an operational strategy for sedimentation and clarification based on the principles of clarifier processes.

• Operate clarifiers efficiently using standard procedures, preventive maintenance, and performance indicators (including loading calculations and laboratory results) to manage normal and abnormal operating conditions and correct problems.

• Recognize safety hazards in and around clarifiers and take steps to eliminate those hazards by corrective action.

Activated Sludge Systems (Secondary Treatment)

• Operate activated sludge processes, including determining process loadings and applying operating parameters, ranges, and guidelines.

• Schedule and conduct operation and maintenance duties such as adjusting treatment processes, performing laboratory testing and microscopic observation, and keeping records.

• Safely operate, inspect, startup, and shut down activated sludge processes.

• Identify factors that cause abnormal operation in the activated sludge process, and take corrective action.

• Become familiar with the purpose of common process modifications to the conventional activated sludge process.

• Understand how to review engineering drawings and specifications for the activated sludge facility.

Fixed Film Processes (Secondary Treatment)

• Explain fixed film processes and their use in stand-alone and combined process systems.

• Use fixed film key operating parameters to successfully monitor and control fixed film processes.

• Safely operate, shut down, and start-up fixed film treatment units.

• Identify operational problems or abnormal operations in fixed film processes using observations and lab results and take corrective measures.

Disinfection

• Explain the disinfection process using chlorine, hypochlorite, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and ozone.

• Describe the breakpoint chlorination process.

• Identify the points of disinfectant application and select the proper dosage.

• Start up, shut down, troubleshoot, and maintain disinfection equipment and systems.

• Handle disinfectants safely and develop and conduct safety programs for using, handling, and storing disinfectants.

Laboratory Procedures

• Safely operate laboratory equipment.

• Collect representative samples and preserve and transport the samples.

• Prepare samples for analysis.

• Describe lab test limitations, recognize precautions for those tests, and record lab test results.

• Understand principles that apply to field or laboratory tests for solids, gases, and chemical and biological parameters, as well as tests for process control and sludge.

Odor Control Objectives

• Following completion of Chapter 1, students should be able to:

• Determine the source and cause of odors.

• Respond to odor complaints.

• Solve odor problems.

Activated Sludge (Pure Oxygen Plants and Operational Control Options)

• Safely operate and maintain a pure oxygen-activated sludge plant.

• Review the plans and specifications for a pure oxygen system.

• Describe the various methods of determining return sludge and waste sludge rates and select the best method for their plant.

• Operate an activated sludge process that must treat both municipal and industrial wastes.

• Operate an activated sludge process that must treat strictly industrial waste.

• Operate an activated sludge process to produce a nitrified effluent.

Residual Solids Management

• Explain the purposes of the processes.

• Properly start up, operate, shut down, and maintain these processes.

• Develop operating procedures and strategies for both normal and abnormal operating conditions.

• Identify potential safety hazards and conduct their duties using safe procedures.

• Troubleshoot when a process does not function properly.

• Review plans and specifications for the processes.

Solids Removal from Secondary Effluents

CHEMICALS

• Describe the proper procedures for using chemicals to remove solids from their treatment plant's secondary effluent.

• Operate and maintain chemical feed equipment.

• Safely store and handle chemicals.

• Review plans and specifications of chemical feed systems.

• Start up and shut down a chemical feed system.

• Perform a jar test.

• Select the most cost-effective chemicals and determine the proper dosage.

• Troubleshoot a chemical feed system.

• Develop an operational strategy for a chemical feed system.

FILTRATION

• Identify and describe the components of gravity and pressure filters.

• Explain how membrane filters operate.

• Safely operate and maintain filters.

• Start up and shut down filters.

• Troubleshoot a filtration system.

• Develop operational strategies for inert media and membrane filtration systems.

• Review plans and specifications for filter systems.

Phosphorus Removal

• Explain the need for phosphorus removal and describe some of the different systems used for this purpose at various treatment plants.

• Place a phosphorus removal system into service.

• Schedule and safely conduct operation and maintenance duties.

• Sample influent and effluent, interpret lab results and make appropriate adjustments in the treatment process.

• Recognize abnormal operating conditions, understand the cause, and take corrective action to ensure proper phosphorus removal.

• Inspect a newly installed phosphorus removal facility to determine if the installation has been proper.

• Review plans and specifications for a phosphorus removal system.

Nitrogen Removal

• Explain why nitrogen is removed from wastewater.

• Identify the types of nitrogen removal systems.

• Describe nitrification and denitrification processes.

• Operate nitrification and denitrification processes.

• Describe the differences between suspended growth and fixed film reactors.

• Explain how ammonia stripping, breakpoint chlorination, and ion exchange processes remove nitrogen.

Enhanced Biological (Nutrient) Control

• Explain how an enhanced biological treatment system can be used to improve biological treatment process control and performance.

• Set priorities when more than one treatment objective must be met.

• Operate and maintain enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal systems.

• Operate and maintain enhanced SVI control to prevent sludge bulking.

• Operate and maintain the Bardenpho process.

• Review plans and specifications for an enhanced biological treatment system.

Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse

• Describe the various methods of wastewater reclamation and reuse.

• Develop operational strategies for wastewater reclamation and reuse facilities.

• Safely operate and maintain a wastewater reclamation and reuse facility.

• Monitor a wastewater reclamation and reuse program and make appropriate adjustments in treatment processes.

• Review the plans and specifications for a wastewater reclamation and reuse facility.

Instrumentation and Control Systems

• Explain the purpose and nature of instrumentation and control systems.

• Identify, avoid, and correct safety hazards associated with instrumentation work.

• Recognize various types of sensors and transducers.

• Read instruments and make proper adjustments in the operation of wastewater treatment facilities.

• Identify symptoms of measurement and control system problems.